Logical Structure or Theoretical Framework - 2746 Words

Logical Structure or Theoretical Framework Problems do not exist in nature but in the minds of people. This can be seen from an examination of the definition of problem: problems stem from the juxtaposition of factors which results in a perplexing or enigmatic state of mind (a cognitive problem), an undesirable consequence (a psychological or value problem), or a conflict which obscures the appropriate course of action (a practical problem). Cognitions, values and practices are attributes of persons, not the objective world (whatever that is). Problems cannot be articulated except within a conceptual system. No inquirer can investigate a problem from all perspectives simultaneously. And that is what a logical structure or†¦show more content†¦It makes it possible to generate a relatively complex set of objectives and questions; it provides a basis for including and excluding literature and research that is actually related to the inquiry by identifying the variables of greatest interest and concern; and it provides f ocus to the inquirers procedural planning and choices from initial design selection, through instrument development or adoption, to the organization, analysis and interpretation of data, e.g., research design, statistical tests, making sense of empirical findings. 4. Perhaps most important is the impact of the explicit theoretical structure on subsequent inquiry in the same area. The investigation no longer hangs loose but becomes part of a line or tradition of inquiry which other researchers can check, replicate or build upon. Knowledge growth in a field becomes an additive phenomenon of increasingly useful structures or concepts with which inquirers can work. 5. Without a clear explication of the problem and a workable perspective with which to view it, it is likely that the research project will be flawed by uncontrolled extraneous variables, overlooked variables, faulty instruments, haphazard procedures and the like. You cant get there from here without taking this step. A failure in this regard is why so many graduate students end up with a procedural plan that runs them in circles. Defining a Logical Structure or Theoretical Framework A logical structure orShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World For International News1419 Words   |  6 Pagescom and their print-based counter parts to investigate determinants of international news reporting. Critical Review: Theoretical Frameworks Used: The author used the theoretical frameworks of economic interaction, presence of international news agencies, traits of a nation, and cultural and geographic proximity to the Unites States. The author elected to adopt these frameworks as they have been used previously in research in the same field. The author outlines their previous use as well as theirRead MoreReflection Assessment Of Final Draft Points1273 Words   |  6 Pages(something that easy to visually assess quickly) your estimated level of work if in face-to-face class. 3. One level of criteria (either 60%, 70%, 80% or 100%) should be highlighted/circled for each evaluation criteria (Introduction, Literature Review, Theoretical Perspective, Discussion, Organization, Style, and Mechanics) 4. Print/Staple this entire document to the front page of your printed FINAL DRAFT and hand in class (Face-to-face learners) or COPY PASTE this entire document and INSERT BEFORE theRead MoreConstructivist Theory Of Constructivist Learning Theory969 Words   |  4 PagesConstructivist Learning theory is a theory that is based on observation and in a scientific study about how people learn. The theory is a philosophy that enhances the students’ logical and conceptual growth. The underlying concept within the constructivist learning theory is the role which experiences or connections witha the adjoining atmosphere that plays in the students’ education. So, the constructivist learning theory says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the worldRead More A Taxonomy of Moral Realism Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesand moral reflection. But it has not been clearly demonstrated what is involved in moral realist theory. I provide a framework which disti nguishes three different versions of the theory while at the same time showing the interrelations between them. I also demonstrate how issues such as objectivity, cognitivism, and truth can be related into the discussion by means of this framework. Since morality exercises a deep influence over the way we live our lives, it is easy to appreciate why the questionRead MoreStrategies For Community Coalitions1011 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity priorities. Conspicuously, members had differing or unclear theoretical and conceptual perspectives around which coalition framework is being used and how does community engagement fit in. While the use of community coalitions has become more prevalent in health promotion settings, the specific utilization of the community coalition action theory is limited. In practice, many community coalitions do not use a theoretical framework to guide their efforts (Kegler, Rigler, Honeycutt, 2010). FurthermoreRead MorePierre Bourdieu s The Logic Of Practice Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding this assignment: What does any of this have to do with religion? Not once was religion or any explicit religious theme specifically discussed, besides for a brief segment regarding myths and rites, which he actually structures within a heavily economic framework. In fact, this booked seemed more appropriate for a discussion regarding economic semiotics and socialization through the human body as opposed to theories of religion. Nevertheless, I highly doubt this book would be completelyRead MoreConstructivist Theory Of Constructivist Learning Theory1012 Words   |  5 PagesConstructivist Learning theory is a theory that depends on perception and in a logical study about how individuals learn. This learning theory is a theory that upgrades the student’s sensible and reasonable development. The basic idea inside the constructivist learning theory is the part which encounter s or associations with the abutting environment that plays in the student’s training. In this way, the constructivist learning theory says that individuals build their own comprehension and informationRead MoreUse of Qualitative and Quantitative Research979 Words   |  4 Pagesrequirements of research may vary between disciplines, and some may prefer qualitative or quantitative methodologies, multidisciplinary research within the medical field should follow at least six basic guidelines in order to be robust: 1) Contribute to theoretical development; 2) Be based on empirical data, on observation of some element of pedagogy; 3) Be cumulative, build on previous research; 4) Be objective; 5) Enable at least some meaningful generalizations; 6) Be both valid and reliable (McCaig DahlbergRead MoreThe University Of Texas At Arlington1023 Words   |  5 Pagescannot perform the work itself. Last, the cooperative method in which all the sites cooperatively perform all the tasks as efficiently as possible. The simulation model has various leveled Grid structure in which machines are built around larger computing centers called â€Å"federations† [1]. In a computational framework, a large computational task is divided up among individual machines, which run calculations in parallel and then return results to the first computer. These individual machines are hubs inRead MoreInformation Processing Theory: Influencing Cognition983 Words   |  4 PagesCognition Historically, viable theoretical models have been developed and applied throughout the history of the field of psychology in an attempt to better understand how the human mind receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information. Understanding how the human brain receives, processes, stores, and recalls information is significantly important to psychological research of cognitive development and identifying deficiencies in learning. The vast compilation of theoretical views regarding brain functioning

Should People Learn the Basic History and Fundamentals of...

Music is all around us, it is a part of our culture and for some it is a way of life! We all know how music is and how it should sound, but most people don’t realize that if it weren’t for previous musical eras, music wouldn’t sound like how it does today. Music classes after 6th grade aren’t mandatory and if people aren’t going into that field they don’t take music classes, so they don’t have the information anymore. It could only benefit a person’s brain to know some simple things about music. Seems how music has evolved over the decades, it seems obvious to know music’s history to understand our own music. Fundamentals should be tied in as well to help understand what music really is. People should learn the basic history and†¦show more content†¦Next is the 20th Century, which was the beginning of a new age. Variety became important and likable in all sorts of ways. Traditional ways of making music sound were in a sense thrown out the window. From 1945 through now is important and different now because Jazz came into the picture. This was a new type of music and people enjoyed it so much! Now, there are many other important things that happened during these eras, but the main point is that with each era as time moved on they put their own marks on the music industry. With all things considered, each era has evolved music into what it is today and every person should realize this and needs this knowledge to actually understand music and where it has come from and where it could lead Additionally with the basic history of music, there are the fundamentals of music as well that people should learn. With each era that was talked about they had put different fundamentals into music, which shaped it into what it is today. For example, during the Middle Ages, a major fundamental was the basso continuo. This was used throughout the different eras and is still used in songs today. The Renaissanc e Era came up with secular music and the lute. The Baroque Era used ternary forms and Ritenello form. A Concerto Grosso came to light during this era as well. The Classical Era changed and ended up having four movements in pieces. Sonata form was used in pieces. MusicShow MoreRelatedMusic As A Universal Experience1375 Words   |  6 Pages Music used as an Educational Tool in Advanced Higher Learning Tennessee State University Miller, Cordell 4/21/2016 â€Æ' Musical Minds â€Å"Musical is a universal experience. With few exceptions, all humans perceive musical pitch, tone, timbre, and harmony. We listen to music to relax, to help us think, to celebrate, and grieve. Our emotional responses to music have been noted in literature, poetry, and drama. The power of music to evoke an emotional response is used by advertising companiesRead MoreThe Modern Era1014 Words   |  5 Pagesproduce better work without any art experience. But from their lack of art history they will not be able to produce work that has deep meaning like Picasso, or psychoanalysis of color theory like Kandinsky. Firstly, Kandinsky’s â€Å"Composition VII,† initially seems messy, unorganized, or even accidental. But the colors are not random; each color has a purpose behind it. He analyses color to the point where he made a â€Å"Basic Color Theory† analysis. For example, the yellow represents joy, happinessRead MoreHigh School Students : Why Do So Many Not Finish College?969 Words   |  4 Pagesan empty house full of pointless and trivial materialistic products of the here and now. Many young adults find themselves facing life’s obstacle with improper tools to complete college or succeed. Government run schools teach children the basic fundamentals of English(reading and writing), mathematics, science, and the occasional liberal arts, but what about the moral and ethical values, such as discipline and integrity? Where is the educated man or woman who is a self-controlled thinker thatRead MoreA Brief History On Two Types Of Music Education1904 Words   |  8 PagesWithin this essay, you shall find a brief history on two types of Music Education, the Suzuki Method; as well as the Dalcroze Method, as well as a breakdown of these methods. Apart from this, you will also find a slight discussion on how I might incorporate these met hods, if any, into my own teachings. Suzuki Method The Suzuki Method was created and developed by Violin prodigy, Shinichi Suzuki, after being asked by a colleague if he was able to teach his son. Intrigued, he set out the find outRead More Sufi Teachers and Redefining the Traditional Student-Teacher Relationship1688 Words   |  7 PagesSufi Teachers and Redefining the Traditional Student-Teacher Relationship What does it mean-and more important, what should it mean--to be educated? (58) A response to Spayds begs another question. Is education the objective itself or the means to the objective? For some people education is just a degree, a piece of paper framed on the wall. One can say, a person with a diploma has received an education, but it is not certain that the person is educated. This paper relates to those individualsRead MoreAesthetic Music Educatin and the Influence of Bennett Reimer2171 Words   |  9 Pagesfirst developed to provide a strong philosophical foundation for music education and continues to evolve as a solid theoretical orientation for current effective practices. Bennett Reimer has contributed much to the discussion and development of the value of aesthetic education for the teaching and learning of music. Others in music education also support and promote these ideals and focus on developing an improved understanding for music educators. Some scholars oppose the principles of an aestheticRead MoreConfucianism And Its Influence On Chinese History1713 Words   |  7 PagesKung Fu Tzu, also known as Confucius, was an iconic figure in the Chinese history. He was a teacher, a philosopher, and also the founder of Confucianism. Confucius’ philosophies, on the other hand, would became well known as Confucianism. Confucianism can be conside red as an ancient Chinese philosophy as well as a popular religion in the Chinese history. It is known to be a way of life taught by Confucius. Although being transformed over a long period of time, Confucianism is still the source ofRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education Is Its Differing Aims1536 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle raised many issues regarding the opposing perspectives about the practice of education. He affirmed that there is no universal accord about whether education should be directed more towards intellectual objectives or towards the character of the individual. He also proposed that there is doubt about whether education should be aimed at notion valuable for everyday life or at notions approving to virtues. As a matter of fact, modern day educators are still deliberating the concerns AristotleRead MoreMalaysias Education Curriculums Correlation With Malaysias National Philosophy of Education2510 Words   |  11 Pagesbe taught to the pupils but no text book is p rovided for them nor the teacher guidance book. In this sense, there is no proper guidelines for teacher to teach Arts in the classroom. The Curriculum Development Division (CDD) of Ministry of Education should consider to provide text book for pupils in order for Arts subject to be well taught in class. The current module for teaching and learning provided by the CDD is not suitable for teachers’ reference. Normally, teacher provides everything prior toRead MoreThe History Of Music Education Essay1931 Words   |  8 PagesThe History of Music Education in the Americas The history of our schools is told beginning with the founding of our nation, moving through the common school movement, the arguments of the progressive era, and leading up to all of the modern acts made in the 21st century. Music education is a factor in the public schools, and it is rarely discussed as part of the history of our schools. Music education has been a part of our schools since the beginning and continues to better our students to this

Rebelled Emily Dickinson - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 849 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Emily Dickinson Essay Did you like this example? Growing up Dickinson was a rebel she rebelled in matters of religions and social prosperity. When Emily was younger she secretly created bundles of poetry and wrote hundreds of letters. Emily Dickinson was born December 10,1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts where she lived nearly her entire life. She died on May15th, 1886. Dickinson died of kidney disease. She was 55 years old when she died. Her parents were Samuel Dickinson and Emily Norcross. The couple had three children William Austin, Lavinia Norcross and middle child Emily. Dickinson and her siblings were very close growing up they always depended on each others. Emily Dickinson had a strange relationship with both of her parents. She never moved out of her familys home. Her and her mother did not always have the best relationship. Emilys mother was a stay at home mom and made sure that everything got done around the house. Samuel Dickinson emilys father worked as It wasnt until her mother got very ill till they had a good relationship. As her mother got very ill she needed a lot of help and support. Emily Dickinsons parents were big into the farming and having everything being done at home. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rebelled Emily Dickinson" essay for you Create order Dickinson ended school in her teenage years to help on the homestead. After helping on the homestead for several years she finally went back to school and she attended Amherst Academy (college) for seven years then attended Mount Holyoke female seminary for a year. After she finished college is when she really started her writing. While she was in school is enjoyed it and made she is would finish on top. Schooling was very important to her when she finally went back. All of Dickinsons teachers knew that she had so much potential and knew that should could go far and had a huge desire to succeed. As Dickinson got older she got better about getting out of the house. Dickinson never got married or had any children that was just something she was not into. She never thought having kids was really for her. Dickinson did help out a lot with her nieces and nephews she loved be able to watch them grow up. As she grew older she spent a lot of time at her brothers house because her best friend married her brother. As Dickinson began to get older she ended up getting kidney disease at age 55 and it killed her. Her death was a big impact on her family and the world. Dickinson inspired many of the time in America. She was also one of the most famous early female poets ever which added to the womens rights movement. Dickinson had a very driven mind. She had her heart on something and wasnt letting it go till it was complete. Some of her poems reflect on her loneliness and sadness. She went through a lot of hard times in her life but she always reflected it back on her writing. She never let anyone know she was hurting or suffering till she wrote about it. Dickinson started writing at a very young age and thats the reason she had such a big drive for it. Some of the poems Dickinson wrote were Hope is the thing with feathers, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain, Tell all the truth but tell it slant. You can tell by the name of the titles that she writes about special events or something that has impacted her in many ways. Dickinson always wrote things that other people could relate to. People could always read her poems are relate to things that are going on in there life. Looking through some of these poems I can see where I can relate to certain things in them. Even after Dickinson passed away her best friend made sure her work didnt go away. The poems that she hadnt totally finished were still published. My opinion on Emily Dickinson is that she seemed like a very hard worker and if she set her mind to something she made sure it got done and that it was successful. It is amazing to me that she kept her feelings in till and not express herself till she wrote her poems. She was very independent person and always wanted to do better. She always made her writing stick out where people wanted to read it. You could tell that she wanted people to look up to her and wanted to be known as someone people looked up to and wanna be known as someone that and changed things for the better. One of my favorite quotes from Emily was Saying nothing sometimes says the most. This quote to me means that silence can have more of a meaning than words. You should not always have to say something for someone to realize that something has happened or changed or that you have done something wrong.This quote makes a big impact on my life. Dickinson will always be remembered as one of the best American poets to ever live and her legacy will live on for many years to come.

Essay on My Trip to an Alcoholics Anonymous Meeting

Addiction has become a common affliction. As cliche as it sounds, nothing is further from the truth, alcohol alone is responsible for approximately 1.8 million deaths a year worldwide, which computes to around 3.2% of deaths worldwide. Its estimated that over 76 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders. People abuse it because society looks at alcohol as a normal part of life, in fact it is commonly promoted. Alcohol can impart someone with confidence and happiness or it can spiral them into complete depression and depravity, and all thats needed is a 10 minute drive to the local supermarket to buy whatever appeals to us. The number of alcoholics has risen drastically over the decades. In the 1970s America started to†¦show more content†¦After the member would introduce themselves all the other members would greet them, for ex. â€Å"Hello Mark†. While each member was very friendly to one another it did not appear that the members who were 3 males an d one female had any relations outside of the group meetings every week. There was one member who can be referred to as Mark, that clearly stood out from the other three members. While all three of the other members definitely seemed to benefit from the weekly meetings, Mark distinguished himself by his need for the meetings. Each member at one point in there personal stories mentioned how much they benefit from coming to these inspirational meetings and fully advocate their effectiveness. However, Mark was slightly different from the rest because of how his life had been thus far. Mark was blunt and succinct in his stories, which always ended with him being his biggest critic. Mark appeared very friendly despite his stories of his past depraved lifestyle. He said, â€Å"I like it here because, like myself, I with people who know they can’t drink. Its taken me to many years to learn that I can’t have one drink, because there is no one drink with us. I drink t o get drunk, plain and simple, I’ve been in places in my life where I just wanted to end it all, believing it would be better for everyone. I won’t do that though because thats a cowards way out, the hardest thing I ever did was facingShow MoreRelatedBook Analysis : The Big Book 1408 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted his own journey through alcoholism and became a founding member of A.A. The following chapters target the alcoholic in different areas of their life. Chapter two and three talk about how, through science, spirituality, and personal experience, the founding authors discovered the solution to their alcoholic illness and the ways they could beat it. Chapter four targets the alcoholic who may shy away from the religious or spiritual talk about â€Å"God† and how the program handles the idea of God orRead More Alcoholics Anonymous Field Visit Report Essay2158 Words   |  9 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous Field Visit Report Alcoholics Anonymous is a self-help organization made up of men and women, young and old, who come together to share their experiences with alcohol, and to express their hope and strength with one another so that they can overcome the illness of alcoholism and then help others to recover. A.A. was first started by two men in 1935. One man from New York, Bill W., who was a stockbroker and another man from Ohio, Dr. Bob who was a surgeon. At one pointRead MoreEssay on visiting a rehab clinic1335 Words   |  6 Pages The first thing I notice when I walk in to the center on an early Monday afternoon is the smell, that acute smell of spray-on cleaning solution used in hospitals. Everything is completely static clean, and the entrance lobby reminds me off my dentists’ office. Tasteful blue chairs and maroon couches surround a large waiting area in full view of a receptionists’ desk on the side. The magazines on the coffee table are of the inconsequential type, stuff lik e â€Å"Parenthood† and â€Å"Popular Mechanic.† A coupleRead MoreThe Importance Of A Nurse Discharge Planner For The Medicare Bundles Program1481 Words   |  6 Pages Horner, 2013). As Nurses, we must look beyond the patients’ needs not only during their admission in the hospital, but after discharge. Meeting this need requires interaction with family members, guardians or caretakers. This interaction allows for the family nurse to assess the needs not only of the patient but assess the capabilities of the family. During my time of employment as a nurse discharge planner for the Medicare Bundles program, to prevent readmission back into the hospitals, I encounteredRead MoreWork And Give Thom Space2188 Words   |  9 PagesWhen I arrive at the office on Monday, I’m resolute to focus on work and give Thom space. Not a problem, since he goes out of his way to avoid me. In the production meeting, we don’t make eye contact. I take a sneak peek to make sure he’s okay. He should be since he’s close to hiring another director. And pre-production will go ahead, as scheduled. With the last order of business completed, Thom and his production team depart for his office. I hurry to mine to phone the agent who representsRead MoreEvaluation Of Out Of The Dark2029 Words   |  9 Pagesattending an onsite school with the curriculum that is appropriate for the youth current grade level. Each youth will meet with a case worker and design a plan for their life. They will attend group meetings, for examples Alcoholic or Narcotic Anonymous, Anger Management, HIV Education or other meetings they may require. The youth will participate in their choice of sports, recreational activities, arts crafts, dance and even music classes. â€Å"Out of the Darkness† program will have life coaches onRead MoreMarijuana in the New World Essay2460 Words   |  10 Pagesprimarily as a fiber, has little or no psychoactive effect. Nineteenth-century observers knew better. Dr. Walton sums up: Hemp grown for fiber in Kentucky has been shown to contain a substantial degree of ... potency. H. C. Wood, in 1869, prepared an alcoholic extract of hemp grown near Lexington and proceeded to test the product himself. A large [oral] dose (20 to 30 grains) produced marked effects and, on subsequent occasions, milder but definite effects were obtained with doses as low as 1/4 grain.Read MoreWha t Is The Social Issue You Are Looking At? Essay7531 Words   |  31 PagesThe penalty for breaching the law is a fine of up to $2,000. Supply alcohol responsibly Anyone (including parents) who supplies alcohol to a person under the age of 18 years must do so responsibly. For example, you should make sure food and non-alcoholic drinks are available, arrange safe transport, and take steps to supervise the drinking and limit the strength and amount of alcohol that s supplied. The penalty for failing to supply alcohol responsibly is a fine of up to $2,000. New on-the-spotRead MoreCoca-Cola Background5672 Words   |  23 Pagesworld over. Woodruff was an influential man in Atlanta because of his contributions to area colleges, universities, businesses and organizations. When he made a contribution, he would never leave his name, this is how he became to be known as Mr. Anonymous. During the Woodruff era, Mr. Woodruff made a promise to the armed forces of the United States to supply Coca-Cola to every serviceperson. He said that costs and location did not matter, he supplied 5 billion bottles to the service. Robert WoodruffRead MoreAward In Education Training 650231182 Words   |  105 PagesFlorian Stan Gheorghe Name of Tutor: C. Peter My overall development and strengths as a result of attending this programme: I now have a clearer understanding of the UK levels of education. This course has also opened my eyes to the underpinning theory of andragogic style teaching and why it suits adult learners in particular. I now have a greater appreciation of the different learning styles that individuals have and will ensure that I reflect that in my lesson plans and choices of teaching methods

Smoking Habits Free Essays

Substance Abuse Paper HCA 250 September 30, 2012 Substance Abuse Paper I topic I have chosen to discuss is about the dangers of smoking tobacco at young age into adulthood. Smoking Tobacco is the leading cause of premature death in smokers and it has been linked to death of non-smokers which is known as second-hand smoke. Just like Alcohol and drug abuse, smoking tobacco is used for many reasons for example simply being cool, to fit in, peer pressure, and my parents do it. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Habits or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now let’s discuss the reason why smoking tobacco is dangerous to the smokers and non-smokers. The reason for smoking is psychological, because the way smoking is glamorized in the movies and also in advertisements. This is not the real reason one chooses to smoke; the addiction is due to the nicotine which makes it hard to quit once one has started. One can overcome his or her addiction, when the psychological reasons for smoking are eliminated. The reasons people chose to start smoking tobacco was to show he or she is not timid or afraid, because his or her friends do it, to look cool, to act grown-up, sign of rebellion, parents are smokers, role models smoke, because of advertisement, for weight loss, and to reduce anxiety. The effects of smoking in the workplace can lead to unscheduled smoke breaks, absenteeism, involuntary smoking, second-hand smoke, higher insurance premiums, increased chances of lung cancer in non-smokers and smokers, heart disease in non-smokers and smokers, effects the fetus of a pregnant worker, and irritation of eyes, headaches, nasal discomfort, cough, sore throat, or sneezing. To help employees control his or her smoking habit should begin with restricting smoking in the workplace. By doing this it helps promote a healthy program in the workplace. Considering that exposure to tobacco smoke is a health hazard that many face on a daily basis. Therefore some would agree that this exposure should be addressed, therefore making it a workplace health program for all non-smoker and smokers. In order to help employees control his or her smoking habits is to introduce a smoking policy. When this policy is introduced it should be enforced at all times by smokers and backed by all employers and employees. A company can also help those who want to stop smoking by offering fitness and nutritional counseling, exercise classes, and organized sports activities. The relationship between mental health and tobacco can be good and bad. People with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder receive a calming effect from the nicotine. Although nicotine provides a calming sensation short term, in the long term it can cause mental illness and other health issues. Some people begin to smoke because of depression, although once he or she try to quit they are likely to experience an episode of major depression. One can also experience insomnia, irritability, frustration, anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, decreased heart rate, increased appetite, and weight gain. In conclusion smoking tobacco can cause serious damage to every organ in one’s body. It is very harmful to the lungs and the cardiovascular system, this becoming the leading cause of premature death in smokers. It also causes other diseases such as: heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, peptic ulcer disease, and a stroke. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1991, June). Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov Environment Tobacco Smoke (ETS): Workplace Policy. (2011, March 1). Retrieved from http://www. ccohs. ca Mental Health Realities. (2011, July 18). Retrieved from http://mentalhealthrealities. blogspot. com Sarafino, E. (2011). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions (7th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. How to cite Smoking Habits, Essay examples

The Emergence of Retail Industries

Question: Write an essay on the emergence of retail industries. Answer: In this report, the emergence of retail industries in Australia is discussed. The importance and precise analysis of fashion and trend and its benefits have been described. The retail companies have been discussed. The method of operation in Australia is in the research. Cultural background, behavioral tendencies of Australian has been analyzed thoroughly. Problem areas in the industry have taken into account. At the end recommendations have been given. They are needed to be implemented. From the findings, it has been analyzed that Billabong Retail should invest in modern techniques. They should cut down their cost slightly. They need to give priority to the clients first. Another recommendation is to give executives proper training programming and upgrade them every six months. Key finding from the report says Billabong Retail is currently a leading brand. It is ranked fourth in retail industry for last five years. They are planning their international reach by making branch in Ten Oceania States. Company Brief Billabong International is a retail company in Australia. They are operating since 1973. Billabong has its headquarters in Queensland. Neil Fiske is their CEO. They have a workforce of nearly six thousand. Billabong has collected revenue of A$ 1.34 billion as of 2013. Zipper and Element are the two most popular brands of Billabong. They operate in lifestyle section in the Australian market (Neville 2013). In this article, Billabong Retail of Australia will be discussed. Australians love their cloths. They are one of the global leaders in retail industry. Even in garments, they are one of the best states in Australasian zone. They are a powerhouse in supermarket and hypermarket in Oceania. Staying fit is in their gene. Australians have many retail market leaders to look. Olympics and Commonwealth games are the two major world events in which Australia always had the domination. The retail goods mainly fashion garments have always been sponsors of many Australian teams. Billabong is also into sponsorships and promotional activities (Neville 2013). Clear and concise target market Billabong Retail is emphasizing on service, better products, and customer relations. Their 24-hour availability is helping them making a good profit. Customer service requires physical interaction between the client and the service person. Billabong Retail is employing educated professionals who are best in this sector. Mental satisfaction plays a huge role in human psychology. Wellness can be measured by the consumer loyalty. Billabong Retail focuses on the quality of their products. They believe in providing top quality equipment to the clients. The customer is essential to any organization's growth. These retail chains provide the desired service and products so that they can retain their customers. Customers usually evaluate their product by their needs and expectations. It is important to give preference to buyer expectations while dissatisfaction only leads to decline in sales. Monitoring and observing each client need helps to close the gap between them. Nowadays doctors are a lso prescribing daily workout sessions only to popularize this trend. Workout sessions have been emphasized up on, as Billabong Retail wants their customers to wear trendy clothes. To wear these fashionable clothes they need to possess good and slim body. Market Segment If a market is defined, then it can be said that where a group of people or organization has needs for products and services in a product class. They have the authority, willingness and ability to purchase those things. Segmentation is defined as a process of dividing a total market into groups, teams consisting of people and organizations with similar products and services. Market segmentation is divided into four sub-branches psychographic, behavioral, geographic and demographic. Psychographic segments include lifestyle, motive, and personal attitude. In this section, people are defined by two-way parameters. Like there will be people who think before buying a product. Some people believe in things. They stick to their preferred brand. These people are responsible for turning a product into a brand. Billabong Retail is doing all sorts of loyalty programs to become a brand. Then some people make a name, and some people first experience a new product. They are skeptical about being loyal. Another two kinds of people are strivers and achievers. Strivers are the hard working group of individuals, and the achievers are believed to be the one with a lot of money. Geographical segmentation is done by analyzing the size of the city, age group, preference, climate, local assembly, regions they live, etc. People from big cities like Melbourne, Sydney, Canberra, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth, are very progressive minded. Their attitude and adaptability are different. In the towns, the income level is also much high. In rural areas and the relatively conservative states like Western Australia and Tasmania, the attitude is different. In these two kinds of areas, Billabong Retail has developed particular fashion plans. Research says in urban zones of Australia age group of above 65 is 23 percent. It will be around 60 percent by 2050. Therefore, their shift of concern is to give the older generation a better and trendier lifestyle. This is where Billabong Retail is playing a vital role. If they manage to understand the need for staying healthy, then they can make an unlimited profit. Company like Billabong Retail has lived the concept. Thus, they are making a profit at a tremendous rate. Since last decade, the profit percentage has become 131 percent (Macdonald 2013). Demographical segmentation builds around family heads, ethnicity, education, income level, religion, social class, etc. Demographically Australia is diverse. Over the years, millions of people from other countries have been coming to Australia. Their occupations are different. Taste, preference, culture are different. There are various communities in particular regions where sizeable people from the subcontinent, China, South Asia, Middle East live. This cross-cultural ethnicity proved crucial in the growth of Australia (Cardinal and Cardinal 2015). Various religions like Christians, Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Jewish, Parsee, and Catholic are there in this country. They have embraced the need for fitness. Sports leagues in Australia are helping to attract customers to Billabong Retail. Buying ratio has grown significantly in last few years. Billabong Retail has caught the demography precisely. They have their clients from different demographic backgrounds. Positioning The factors like age structure, ethnicity, cultural background, education, family structure. In Australia, the culture is diverse. Many foreign nationals are living here for their bread and butter, education. People from the Indian subcontinent, China, Hong Kong are sizeable. Therefore, there is a mixed culture in Australia. These people have their tradition, taste and food habits. Their preferences are different. Billabong Retail is considering these parameters (Macdonald 2013). Positioning mapping Macro and Micro Environment Microenvironment has certain factors like Supplier, company, competitors, intermediary and customers. Each of them plays a crucial role. Retail industries have their selected suppliers. Vendors mainly collect the equipment from best manufacturers. Australia is the largest exporters of iron ores. So the gym instruments can be made in cheaper rate. The raw materials are easily available in nature (Halse et al. 2015). Billabong Retail is the leading firms in the fitness industry in Australia. As many as 206 branches have grown in recent times, and they have a client base of 250,000. The number is growing fast. Competitors play a crucial role in shaping up of an industry. Different companies compete to outclass others. This is indeed helpful to get the desired outcome. Billabong Retail is coming with innovative business plans. They are focusing on how to give members better service. 24 * 7 availability, one to one service, adding new dimensions built up their reputation (Kunkel et al. 2014). Intermediaries increase the price as they act as intermediary. If the number of intermediaries is less, then it is beneficial. Billabong Retail has a multi-facility operation. They have their branches in different parts of Australia. Same work culture, same fees, and service helped them to create a positive impression. Billabong Retail not only has retail hubs. They are operating in various businesses. They import best fabrics and clothing materials from China, Japan, and Korea. The company has outsmarted to cutting down the number of intermediaries (Hoye et al. 2015). The customer is the most important factor in the microenvironment. They play the deciders role. Retail companies are trying to come up with better plans and programs to entertain the clients. They are focusing on psychological factors to outgrow the number of customers. Percent of members have grown drastically in recent years. Healthy number of new memberships is completed in Billabong Retail. They are setting prices for attracting target audiences (Jackson 2016). Macro environmental factors are as many as six are. These are demographic, socio-cultural, natural, political-legal, technological and economic. Demographic factors include age structure, ethnicity, cultural background, education, family structure. In Australia, the culture is diverse. Many foreign nationals are living here for their bread and butter, education (Halse et al. 2015). People from the Indian subcontinent, China, Hong Kong are sizeable. Therefore, there is a mixed culture in Australia. These people have their tradition, taste and food habits. Their preferences are different. Billabong Retail is considering these parameters. The rate of educated people is above 90 percent in Australia. Australia has the highest literacy rate in Oceania zone. Therefore, they know how to program their system (Hoye et al. 2015). The understanding of health is also more than other countries. Membership retention is increasing each year in Billabong Retail. They have introduced membership cards for the buyers. By these cards, they are getting relaxation in terms of MRP (Jackson 2016). The technological factor is another key factor. Technologically upgraded materials are coming in the market. This new trends are becoming popular. Buyers are willing to give the extra penny for quality product. The products now carry quality materials. Billabong Retail uses fine fabrics. Therefore, Billabong Retail is developing a lightweight and easy wearing garments and dresses. Economic forces have some parameters like willingness to spend, buying power. Buying power is more for Australian people as the per capita income is much high. Mentalities of the people are also active towards buying trendy cloths. They embrace new things easily. Political and legislative rules are also very reliable in Down-under. There are less political-legal barriers in the society. People are extremely cooperative and humble (Hoye et al. 2015). Governments concern in the health of the nation has also created an active force in fabrics and retail sectors. Natural resources play a vital role, and it is important to consider this point. There is an abundance of natural resources in Australia. They are blessed with heavy metal mines. Coalmines, Iron ore plants are the two biggest strengths of the economy. Industries expedition has created an impact. Society is built on different cultures. Arts bring changes in attitude, preference, belief, norms and lifestyle. Changing trend is directly proportional to socio-cultural change. Healthy eating, children and marriage permanence has an active role to play in this context. If the society is adaptable to change then, only the community can grow. Australia has a flexible socio-cultural structure. So the changing trend in fashion clothing is widely accepted in Australia. Analysis of Consumer Behavior/ Perception The behavior of the customers also comes into the equation. There are some measuring keys to identify the best possible way to chalk out plan. Decision role is one such measuring tool for Billabong Retail. They have their customer ranging mostly in buyers, user and initiators. Decision role has five sub-points. Initiator, influencer, decider, buyer and user are the five points. The initiator is the one who purchases the first unit of the product. Influencers are those who influence others to buy the product. They are kind of partial advertisers doing by mouth promotions. Decider is the one who is skeptical about buying. They first convinced by others or the company person before purchasing. Billabong Retail is giving them trials and free sessions to win their loyalty. The buyers are the one who buy without any experiment or market survey. They are proactive in taking a decision. Users are the one who experiences different products and services. They are the most adaptive to change. H owever, these people are the least brand loyal, as they only want to experience various products. Billabong Retail is identifying the users and arranging concrete plans to make them brand loyal. Promotional activities, advertising campaigns are the tools they are using to display their product and service. Another tool for identification is behavioral variable. Occasions, benefits, user status, user rate, attitude, buyer readiness and loyalty are present in this device. People mainly buy clothes before any big festival, like before Christmas or before the new-year. During this period, the role of industry becomes vital. They try to outsmart each other by new business plans. Billabong Retail is coming up with innovations to live up the expectations of the consumers. Some people look for benefit from the product. They expect the return of their money by service value. Some people seem to get many advantages in moderate amount (Sweaney 2016). Billabong Retail needs to organize detailed plans for these customers. It can be the quality of the service, product life of the item. Different people have different usage rate. Some of them enter the retail store for individual plans if that is fulfilled they opt out. Billabong Retail is giving personalized executives, recruiting best supervisors t o sort out these things. Loyalty is another thing that is not built in a day. It takes many efforts to make people brand loyal. Marketing Mix Marketing mix models are used to analyze data from a wide variety of resources like shipment data, retailer scanning documents, pricing, promotion spending data, media. It is useful for understanding the effects of marketing. It is equally important in this industry so that the companies petting up with each other can know how to grow better than the competitors can. It is a tool to understand the competitive advantage (Holtzhausen et al. 2013). The marketing mix is intended at the positioning of the product or service it is targeted towards to customer. There are five branches in marketing mix model. Product, Price, Place, People and promotion are known as the five Ps of marketing. It can be a very useful in directing to the segmentation. The product is the first and primary parameter. The product should be targeted in a way so that it can attract the four segments. It plays a role in psychological, behavioral, demographic and geographic natures of the human. A product or service should check all these parameters. As service is the primary function of this industry, so they are making their service dependable and reliable. Billabong Retail is making their services more reliable for the customers. Australia is a multilingual country so retail experts should be appointed accordingly. Price plays a crucial role. A person who is getting the service should not feel he is giving extra. They should provide quality service to win the trust. Same pricing strategies are using by Billabong Retail so that there is no scope of partisan favoritism. Billabong Retail is so famous because their clients always feel they are getting the best possible guidance for their money. Less number of intermediaries has also made the price cheaper. Promotional tools are critical in developing a brand. Billabong Retail is making successful sportspersons their brand ambassadors. There is an abundance of global icons in the sports in Australia. People like Brett Lee, Harry Kewell, Tim Cahill, Leyton Hewitt, Nick Kyrgious, Bernard Tomic is making the retail organization even more familiar with the mass. Promotions are directed towards festivals and events. Big Bash, AFL is the two events where the most Australian goes. These sporting events are the target market for Billabong Retail. They are using Banners, Hoardings, electronic billboards, digital ads that are playing an enormous role in their brand identity. The place is the one area where all company targets. Billabong Retail has introduced a Pan-Australian approach. Many branches have been opened in recent times. Every locality, be it urban or rural has, at least, one fitness center. Results are showing that around 206 stores Billabong Retail has opened hubs. Twenty thousand new memberships have been done, and more than 5,000 Australians have renewed their membership in the last couple of years. The newest trends are fast catching the imagination of the audience (Cardinal and Cardinal 2015). People are the last parameter. Different individual has different perspective, taste and behavior. Geographical and demographic backgrounds vary person to person. Billabong Retail has recruited executives who are not only educated but humble and polite too. Firm like Billabong Retail has put a lot of emphasis on customer service and customer-centric approach. People from the Chinese background and Japanese want the trainers who are friendly and co-operative. Billabong Retail is making centers in ten Oceania countries. Recommendation Estimating the market: Proper market research is necessary for evaluation any decision. Billabong Retail can get an idea where they are lacking. The quality of equipment: People first get attracted to instruments. The rising cost of the fitness hubs needs to be responded by maximizing the available materials. Workforce: Skill Management, Behavioral management, time management training should be given to the sales persons and employees. Techniques: Billabong Retail needs to apply the modern techniques to the clients. The product should be targeted in a way so that it can attract the four segments. It plays a role in psychological, behavioral, demographic and geographic natures of the human. A product or service should check all these parameters. As service is the primary function of this industry, so they are making their service dependable and reliable. Billabong Retail is making their services more reliable for the customers. Australia is a multilingual country so retail experts sho uld be appointed accordingly. References Australasian Leisure Management - NZ news (Humanities Social Sciences Collection) - Informit. (2016).Australasian Leisure Management, [online] (112), p.21. Available at: https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=752533940154993;res=IELHSS [Accessed 2 Feb. 2016]. Bendle, S. and Kurzeme, A., 2014. Healthy choices. Cardinal, B.J. and Cardinal, M.K., 2015. Regulating Physical Activity Education for the Public's Health and Safety, and the Field's Continued Relevance and Survival: Licensure for Exercise LeadershipIt's Time!.Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance,86(5), pp.3-5. Chang, J.D. and Yang, M., 2013. Empirical Study of Fitness Industry Cases-Based on SWOT.Advances in Physical Education,3(02), p.80. Cochrane, T., Davey, R.C. and de Castella, F.R., 2015. Influence of school community and fitness on the prevalence of overweight in Australian school children.Preventive Medicine,81, pp.433-437. Garcia-Fernandez, J., Bernal-Garcia, A., Fernandez-Gavira, J., and Velez-Colon, L., 2014. Analysis of existing literature on management and marketing of the fitness center industry.South African Journal of Research in Sport, Physical Education, and Recreation,36(3), pp.75-91. Gavelek, C.G., 2012.Profile of the Corporate and Commercial Fitness Industry(Doctoral dissertation, Cleveland State University). Hajkowicz, S.A., Cook, H., Wilhelmseder, L. and Boughen, N., 2013. The Future of Australian Sport: Megatrends are shaping the sports sector over coming decades. A Consultancy Report for the Australian Sports Commission. Halse, R.E., Wallman, K.E., Dimmock, J.A., Newnham, J.P., and Guelfi, K.J., 2015. Home-Based Exercise Improves Fitness and Exercise Attitude and Intention in Women with GDM.Medicine and science in sports and exercise,47(8), pp.1698-1704. Holtzhausen, L.J., Schoeman, M. and Torres, G., 2013. B-28 Exercise is Medicine/Poster-Exercise is Medicine-From Science to Practice. Hoye, R., Smith, A.C., Nicholson, M. and Stewart, B., 2015.Sports management: principles and applications. Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Efi_Tsitskari/publication/259841862_Does_satisfaction_affect_a_members_psychological_commitment_to_a_fitness_center/links/02e7e52e14db239604000000.pdf Jackson, A., 2015. Across the country. Johansson, T. and Andreasson, J. (2014). The Gym and the Beach: Globalization, Situated Bodies, and Australian Fitness.Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. Kunkel, T., Doyle, J.P. and Funk, D.C., 2014. Exploring sport brand development strategies to strengthen consumer involvement with the productThe case of the Australian A-League.Sport Management Review,17(4), pp.470-483. Macdonald, C., 2013.Strong, Beautiful and Modern: National Fitness in Britain, New Zealand, Australia and Canada, 1935-1960. UBC Press. Maconachie, G. and Sappey, J. (2013). Flexing Some Muscle: Strategy and Outcomes in the Queensland Health and Fitness Industry.Journal of Industrial Relations, 55(1), pp.136-154. Markides, C.C., 2013.Game-changing strategies: How to create new market space in established industries by breaking the rules. John Wiley Sons. Mullin, B.J., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W., 2014.Sport Marketing 4th Edition. Human Kinetics. Neville, R.D., 2013. Exercise is medicine: some cautionary remarks in principle as well as in practice.Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy,16(3), pp.615-622. Pedersen, P.M. and Thibault, L. eds., 2014.Contemporary Sport Management, 5E. Human Kinetics. 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Cyber

Cyber-Crime is a Serious Problem Essay Millions of people around the world use computers and the internet every day. We all use it in school, work even at home, computers have made us life easier, it has brought so many benefits to the society but it has also brought some problems and cybercrimes is one of them. â€Å"The times have really changed,† said Greg Garcia, the department’s assistant secretary for cyber security and communications. â€Å"We’re seeing now phishing, farming, botnets †¦ war dialing and domain server spoofing. And we’re seeing coordinated cyber-attacks against nation states.† (Fowler 5) Cybercrime is one of the most prevalent and most popular rising crimes being committed today. This is criminal activity done using computers and the Internet. There are millions victims around the world everyday who face these problems. Most people become victims of these at one time or another, but there are ways to avoid or deal with cybercrime by protecting yourself appropri ately. I also was one of those victims who faced a similar problem. This unfortunate truth forces me to understand that computers and the Internet have made our lives easier in many ways. However, it is unfortunate that people also use these technologies to take advantage of others through identity theft, hacking attempts, and malicious use of software. To be able to understand cybercrimes we need to know where it started. It all started with the birth of the internet. In the late 1960s, one of the authors (HMD) was a graduate student at MIT. His research at MIT’s project MAC (now the Laboratory for computer – the home of the World Wide Web Consortium) was funded by APRA – the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense. Later on APRA proceeded to implement the APRANET, which eventually developed into today’s Internet. At the beginning Internet was limited to universities and research institutions later time the military began using the Internet. Eventually, the government decided to allow access to the Internet for commercial purposes; however it doesn’t stop there businesses rapidly realized that Internet can boost up their business where they provide better services for their clients. The result is that bandwidth on the Internet has increased tremendously and costs have decrea sed significantly. Now days we can’t imagine life without Internet because it makes our daily work easier. According to P.J. Deitel and H.M. Deitel â€Å"The Internet and the web are surely among humankind’s most profound creations† (Deitel 11). As the Internet increased access to increasing numbers of systems worldwide, criminals used unauthorized access to poorly protected systems for vandalism, political action and financial gain (Internet World Wide Web : How to Program). Identity theft via cybercrime is one of the fastest growing crimes in America, costing billions of dollars each year. Identity theft is a form of theft in which the targets are bank accounts, credit cards, debit cards, social security numbers and information that is linked to a persons identity. Identity theft is the worst of the cybercrimes against individuals. Moreover, it is not just a person who has high credit score need to be worry about it. According to Federal Trade Commission estimates (FTC) â€Å"more than four hundred thousand children have their identity stolen every year† (17). People who involved these kinds of cybercriminals they often obtain access to their birth certificates and run up debts in their names. The victims normally do not know anything about it until they denied for employment, student loans, or find themselves unable to get driver licenses because somebody already using their social security number. Sometimes even those innocent people get arrest ed for those crimes which they never committed. The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) has over 1,600 active investigations which are somehow related with identity theft. According to FBI, they opened 1,081 investigations related to identity theft in 2003, and 889 in 2004. Some of these cases are still pending to solve. I am already a victim of identity theft. I moved here in 2005 from Canada. I went to buy a car in 2007, and they told me need to run my credit history before they can approve me for car loans. I never obtain my credit history before that, so I never know what is in my record. According to loan officers after run my credit history they found out I have one collection accounts on my record. I was really surprised and stunned what they are talking about I have no idea at all. They explained to me a debt collection is one of the worst entries on your credit report. Later, they found more information about this account and it was Visa credit card account from Bloomingdales and it was surprised me when they told me somebody opened this account in 2004. I was not even here around that time. After long investigation I found out somebody might be still my identity from Canada and they used it in USA. After long investigation they remove it from my credit report finally in 2006. It took almost one year to remove all those from my record and it’s disappointed me a lot. Before this incident occurred I heard about identity theft but never realized that I have to such a big price one day in my life. I learned important many important lessons through this whole process. I have found that in identity theft cases the burden of proving innocence rests on the shoulders of the victim. Athens And Sparta: Similarities And Differences EssayThe Internet has brought enormous changes and benefits to the way organizations can do business and interact with other businesses, people, and government authorities. Each of us is confronted with cyber technologies every day in our life. It can be iPhone, GPS for driving direction or a computer. Those technologies have opened up opportunities that would be unthinkable without those. While progress has brought about many good things, the ease and accessibility of the Internet has also brought with it some concerning and serious disadvantages. Many of those disadvantages directly affect our children, our privacy, our Identity, and even threat to our nation. According to Cyber-crime people can commit a crime in the US while people sit comfortably in their apartment in China. However, Cyber-crime is only important to a few people, but I believe it should be important to everyone. If we become aware of the dangers of being online, t he dangers will slowly disappear. If everyone watches out for viruses, they will not spread nearly as far or fast as they currently do. We don’t want to all those benefits which I mentioned earlier come risks. Therefore, this is time to work everybody together to prevent this problem. Works Cited Bainwol, Mitch, and Cary Sherman. â€Å"A Crackdown on Student Internet Copyright Infringers Is Necessary.† Cyber Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009.166-172. Print. â€Å"Cyber Insecurity: Viruses, Spam, and Spyware.† Consumer Reports. Sep. 2006: 20-24. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 3rd February 2011. Deitel, P.J., and H. M. Deitel. Internet World Wide Web How to Program: Fourth Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2008. Print. Garcia, Andrew. â€Å"Browsers: The New Threat Landscape† Internet Safety. Ed. Richard Joseph Stein. New York, NY: H. W. Wilson Company, 2008. 11-13. Print. Lenard, Thomas I. â€Å"Identity Theft Is a Declining Problem.† Cyber Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009. 26-34. Print. Swecker, Chris. â€Å"Identity Theft Is a Serious Problem.† Cyber Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Farming Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009. 21-25. Print. Schneir, Bruce. â€Å"Weak Federal Disclosure Laws Will Not Protect Consumers.† Cyber Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009. 150-155. Print.